B5 Plant nutrition: key vocabulary
Twelve key words for IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences topic B5, with the Vietnamese meaning, how to say each word, a picture and an example. Ends with a test section, and a typing trainer on the site.
Practice
- B5 Plant nutrition: vocabulary trainer – Learn the 12 words by typing them: from the Vietnamese meaning, from the definition, from the sound and from an example sentence. Words you miss come back; words you know come back later.
Transcript
Welcome. Here are twelve key words for topic B five, plant nutrition. Listen to each word. Read the Vietnamese meaning. Then look at the picture.
Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is how plants make food. They use light energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
Chlorophyll. Chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is the green pigment in leaves. It absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
Chloroplast. Chloroplast. A chloroplast is a small part of a plant cell. It contains chlorophyll, and photosynthesis happens inside it.
Glucose. Glucose. Glucose is a simple sugar. It is made in photosynthesis, and cells use it to release energy.
Starch. Starch. Starch is a store of food. It is made of many glucose molecules joined together. Plants store starch in leaves, roots and seeds.
Stomata. Stomata. Stomata are tiny holes, mostly on the underside of a leaf. One hole is called a stoma. Gases move in and out through them.
Guard cell. Guard cell. Two guard cells surround each stoma. They open and close it.
Palisade mesophyll. Palisade mesophyll. This is a layer of tall cells near the top of the leaf. It has the most chloroplasts, so most photosynthesis happens here.
Xylem. Xylem. Xylem is a tube that carries water and mineral ions up from the roots to the leaves. It also gives support.
Phloem. Phloem. Phloem is a tube that carries sugars, made in the leaves, to the rest of the plant.
Nitrate. Nitrate. Nitrate ions are a mineral in the soil. The plant uses nitrate to make amino acids, and then proteins.
Deficiency. Deficiency. A deficiency means that there is not enough of something. For example, magnesium deficiency makes leaves turn yellow.
Now, test yourself. I will show you a picture and the Vietnamese meaning. Say the English word out loud. Then listen, to check.
photosynthesis.
chlorophyll.
chloroplast.
glucose.
starch.
stomata.
guard cell.
palisade mesophyll.
xylem.
phloem.
nitrate.
deficiency.
Twelve words. Photosynthesis. Chlorophyll. Chloroplast. Glucose. Starch. Stomata. Guard cell. Palisade mesophyll. Xylem. Phloem. Nitrate. And deficiency. Watch this video again until you know all of them.
More in this series
2:30Photosynthesis explained
What photosynthesis is, the word and balanced equations, how chlorophyll changes light energy into chemical energy, and what plants do with the glucose. With Vietnamese subtitles. A “Check yourself” section with typed questions is below the video on the site.
2:38Inside a leaf: structure and function
A cross-section of a dicotyledonous leaf: cuticle, epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll, vascular bundle with xylem and phloem, stomata and guard cells, and what each one does. With Vietnamese subtitles. A “Check yourself” section with typed questions is below the video on the site.
2:37Does a plant need chlorophyll, light and CO₂?
How to test a leaf for starch, and the experiments that show chlorophyll, light and carbon dioxide are needed for photosynthesis, with controls. With Vietnamese subtitles. A “Check yourself” section with typed questions is below the video on the site.
2:03The rate of photosynthesis
A pondweed experiment: counting oxygen bubbles to see how light intensity and temperature change the rate of photosynthesis, and what a limiting factor is. With Vietnamese subtitles. A “Check yourself” section with typed questions is below the video on the site.
1:46Nitrate and magnesium: what plants need
Why plants need nitrate ions (for amino acids and proteins) and magnesium ions (for chlorophyll), and what deficiency does to growth. With Vietnamese subtitles. A “Check yourself” section with typed questions is below the video on the site.
5:39B5 quiz: plant nutrition
Ten think-time questions on plant nutrition: photosynthesis, chlorophyll, leaf structure, transport, the starch test, limiting factors and mineral ions. Below the video: written workbook questions with model answers.